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Understanding additives in food supplements

Reading formulas carefully

Good formulas are not defined by fear of E numbers or a “natural” slogan. What matters is the function of each ingredient — and whether a manufacturer can technically do without it.

Why additives are used

Powders need to flow, tablets need to hold their shape and capsules need to be filled reliably. Anti-caking agents, glazing agents, humectants or carriers may be used for these purposes. Their role is primarily technological, rather than nutritional.

This explains their use without judging it. The important questions are whether the function is necessary in the particular product, whether it is clearly identified and whether a simpler formula could serve the same purpose.

The ingredient list as a map

Ingredients generally appear in descending order by weight. This provides initial guidance, but does not reveal the exact quantity of every component. Nutrients with specified quantities are also listed in the nutrition table or the declaration of characteristic substances.

Read both together when assessing a product. The ingredient list shows the composition; the table shows relevant quantities per daily serving. Together, they provide a useful picture.

Magnesium stearate: a lubricant with a poor reputation

Magnesium stearate belongs to the magnesium salts of fatty acids and is often used as a lubricant and anti-caking agent. It prevents powder from sticking to machinery and makes uniform tablet or capsule production easier. Ingredient lists may identify it as an anti-caking agent or under the designation E 470b.

Magnesium stearate is often described online as harmful in general. There is no robust evidence for such a blanket statement at the usual permitted levels. More useful quality questions are: Is the lubricant technically necessary? How pure is the raw material? Can the product be manufactured without this additional component?

Viptamin deliberately avoids magnesium stearate in its formulas. This is a clear feature of its purity approach, but does not prove that every competing product containing magnesium stearate is harmful. The difference is a formulation philosophy: use as few processing aids as possible where reliable processing and dosing can be achieved without them.

Titanium dioxide: from white pigment to banned food additive

Titanium dioxide, previously used as E 171, gave tablets, coated tablets and foods a uniform, opaque white surface. The colour had no nutritional function; it served appearance alone.

In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority could not rule out concerns about possible damage to genetic material. The European Union subsequently withdrew its authorisation as a food additive. Since 2022, E 171 may no longer be added to foods, including food supplements, in the EU. Medicines are subject to separate rules.

This illustrates why assessments can change. New evidence can lead to a different assessment of a previously authorised substance. When looking at older products, imports or information from outside the EU, consider both the jurisdiction and how current the information is.

Silicon dioxide: preventing clumping, with questions about particle size

Silicon dioxide (E 551) keeps powders flowing and prevents lumps. This can make machine dosing easier, particularly for fine raw materials that absorb moisture. It is therefore used in spices, powder blends and food supplements.

The safety discussion focuses on precise material characterisation, small particles and possible impurities. In its 2024 re-evaluation, EFSA found no safety concern for the population at the authorised uses. It also recommended stricter limits for possible impurities such as lead, mercury, arsenic and aluminium.

This is neither approval of every possible raw-material quality nor a reason for blanket fear. What matters is whether a manufacturer uses checked specifications and whether the anti-caking agent is needed in that particular product form. Viptamin chooses formulas without added silicon dioxide.

Cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and talc

Microcrystalline cellulose (E 460i) is often used as a filler, binder or carrier. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is also used for plant-based capsule shells. The word cellulose alone therefore does not show whether it forms a capsule or merely adds volume to a tablet. The ingredient list should make that function clear.

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (E 466) binds water, stabilises blends and can act as a thickener or coating agent. It is authorised, but remains under scientific observation. When considering new studies on gut tolerance or the microbiome, the quantities used and their relevance to humans matter. Individual experimental findings do not justify general claims about disease.

Talc (E 553b) can be used as an anti-caking agent. Purity, possible mineral impurities and particle characterisation are central to ongoing assessments. For all these substances, potential harm depends on material quality, dose and use. A manufacturer that can do without them nevertheless reduces complexity and outstanding quality questions.

Seven questions when comparing products

Is each ingredient clearly named? Is its function apparent? Are quantities stated per daily serving? Does the product form suit its purpose? Are there unnecessary overlaps? Are allergens clearly identified? Can the manufacturer be contacted with questions?

These questions are more useful than a blacklist of individual substances. They shift attention from a slogan to the whole formula and make products meaningfully comparable.

The Viptamin principle

Since 2011, the Viptamin purity commitment has stated that its formulas avoid artificial sweeteners, added E-number additives, added sugar and genetically modified ingredients. The brand also states that it does not use animal testing. In Komplett Forte and Bio Protein, this approach is reflected in openly named raw materials and processing kept as simple as possible.

Precisely because Viptamin sells products, this commitment must remain verifiable. Ingredient lists, allergen information, daily servings and processing provide the evidence. Good product information does not dramatise other formulas; it shows specifically which components Viptamin has chosen or deliberately left out.

English translation of the current German article. Sources for the additive assessments: European Commission: food-additive re-evaluation; EFSA: silicon dioxide re-evaluation, 2024.

Study

Study

Can taking the product improve well-being? A product study set out to test whether the multivitamin powder Viptamin Komplett Forte could improve well-being. The result was clear: after using the test product for three months, participants felt noticeably better overall.

Method:

To determine and statistically analyse the effects of this preparation, 18 volunteers tested the product for three months. Well-being was measured at the start, after six weeks and after twelve weeks using the WHO-5 questionnaire, and the results were analysed statistically. The WHO-Five Well-Being Index is a short questionnaire with five questions assessing well-being. It is used by the World Health Organization. The product study took place in the first half of 2022. Eighteen people aged 25 to 64 took part: seven women and eleven men. All eighteen completed the study. Participants received the product blinded, in a plain white container, so they did not know which product it was. They were told only that it was a multivitamin product.

Results at a glance:

Effect

Explanation

Our multivitamin powder Viptamin Komplett Forte combines 57 high-quality nutrients in high doses. You know that these nutrients do a great deal for you. What many people do not realise before taking it, however, is that some of these processes have visible signs. Here we invite you to observe these signs and explain how you can see Komplett Forte at work.

1. Mixing it in the shaker

When stirred in, the beetroot gives the drink its vivid red colour. Komplett Forte also contains coconut oil in powdered form. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble; the fat supports their absorption later in the digestive tract. The actual absorption does not take place in the shaker.

Step 2: The nutrients get to work in the body

Vitamin B2 is also called riboflavin and has an intense yellow colour. The body excretes excess riboflavin through the kidneys and urine. This can give urine a noticeably yellow colour. This is physiologically normal.

Step 3: You have considerably more energy

After a few days to one or two weeks of use, another effect occurs that many of our customers find particularly pleasant: they feel full of energy. For most people this effect is pronounced, and you will probably notice it too. It is not caused by added stimulants, but by the body no longer being limited by missing nutrients. You experience your full “energy potential”. Most people become accustomed to this over time and notice it less after prolonged use than during the first days and weeks. However, the increased energy continues for as long as you take our Komplett Forte.

What happens afterwards?

These effects are not the end of the story. The longer you take Komplett Forte, the more it can develop its effects in the body. This is confirmed by the study on the effectiveness of Komplett Forte, available at viptamin.eu/en/study-2/ These later effects are considerably more important because they support the lasting, optimal functioning of your body, but they are less immediately noticeable than the bodily reactions described here. Viptamin Komplett Forte—or, more precisely, its valuable ingredients—does a great deal in your body by working for you day after day. Enjoy it: you have earned it.

The minimum principle

Background

The minimum principle explains why a nutrient in particularly short supply can limit the whole system.

Rethinking the law of the minimum

A few pages earlier, you learned that 57 nutrients in appropriate quantities are needed to supply our bodies optimally. Why these 57 in combination, rather than just a few? Have you ever baked bread leaving out the yeast, water, salt or flour? It will not work, and certainly will not taste right. Every ingredient is essential — in other words, necessary. The body and its nutrient supply work in the same way: the 57 nutrients are essential and work together. Let us take a closer look at calcium in bone formation: effective bone formation, while preventing calcification of blood vessels or the formation of kidney stones, also requires vitamins D and K2. Vitamin K2 transports calcium to the bones, while vitamin D regulates bone formation. However, vitamin D can only perform this regulatory role when enough vitamin A is available. And without sufficient magnesium, vitamin D does not become active in the first place. Although short-term, specific problems can be masked by individual vitamins, this can lead to problematic nutritional imbalances over the long term. The law of the minimum, made widely known by Justus Liebig, applies not only to plant nutrition but also to human and animal nutrition. Applied to humans, it means that our bodies can only develop as well as the nutrient in shortest supply allows.

Folic acid from Viptamin

Vitamin B9 at a glance

Folate is essential, but its form, amount and context of use matter. Komplett Forte lists L-methylfolate among its ingredients and includes vitamin B9 in a comprehensive daily serving.

One vitamin with several names

Folate is the umbrella term for several compounds of water-soluble vitamin B9. Naturally occurring food folates, synthetic folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, or 5-MTHF, are related but not identical.

This distinction is more than a matter of terminology. The forms differ in stability and metabolism, so labels should name the specific compound used rather than simply referring to vitamin B9.

Why the body needs folate

Folate acts as a coenzyme in the transfer of one-carbon groups. These processes are relevant to cell division, blood formation and the metabolism of certain amino acids, among other functions. Authorised EU claims describe contributions to normal bodily functions.

Such claims apply only when a product meets the specified conditions. They are not a diagnosis and do not mean that tiredness or other symptoms are automatically caused by folate deficiency.

Good everyday sources of folate

Green leafy vegetables, pulses, cabbage varieties, wholegrain foods, oranges and some nuts provide folate. A varied selection spreads intake throughout the day while also providing fibre and other nutrients.

Folate is sensitive to prolonged storage, heat and water. Fresh foods, short cooking times and using the cooking liquid where appropriate can limit losses. Raw and cooked foods complement each other.

Folic acid and 5-MTHF

Folic acid is stable and is therefore often used in food supplements and fortified foods. 5-MTHF is a reduced form of folate that is also available as a supplement ingredient. Both should be declared with their amount per daily serving.

Advertising often presents particular forms as inherently superior. For consumers, the first priority is transparency about the form, dosage, intended use and possible overlapping intakes.

Komplett Forte lists L-methylfolate as its folate source. This is consistent with the formula’s transparency principle: it identifies the compound used, not just vitamin B9. The composition table on the product page or packaging remains the reference for the current amount.

Planning a pregnancy and early pregnancy

Folate is particularly important before and at the beginning of pregnancy. Supplemental folic acid intake increases maternal folate status; low maternal folate status is a risk factor for neural tube defects in the developing foetus.

Timing is crucial because the neural tube closes very early. Official recommendations therefore begin before conception. Women planning a pregnancy should discuss the appropriate amount and form early with their doctor, pharmacist or midwife.

Assess intake instead of guessing from symptoms

Non-specific symptoms do not provide a reliable indication of folate status. Diet, laboratory results, medicines and other nutrients, particularly vitamin B12, may be relevant to a professional assessment.

Taking high doses independently is therefore not a sound diagnostic approach. High amounts of folic acid can mask the blood-related signs of vitamin B12 deficiency while neurological effects may continue.

Recognising overlapping sources

Folate may come simultaneously from foods, fortified products, multivitamin mixtures and single-nutrient supplements. People using several products should add up the declared daily amounts and note the form used in each.

Overlap is particularly easy when pregnancy supplements are combined with multivitamins. A short list of all products provides a safer basis than assuming water-soluble vitamins are always harmless in unlimited amounts.

People using Komplett Forte should already include its folate content in this calculation. An additional preconception or pregnancy supplement should therefore be chosen according to the total dose and professional advice, rather than added without checking.

Reading a label step by step

First check the daily serving, then the amount in micrograms and the percentage of the reference intake. Next check the exact compound, such as folic acid or calcium L-methylfolate, and the list of other ingredients.

Finally, compare the recommended intake with personal circumstances. General nutrition, planning a pregnancy and a medically diagnosed deficiency involve different considerations. A good product does not obscure these differences.

The advantage of a comprehensive formula is the shared overview: folate is part of a declared daily serving rather than sitting alongside other unchecked individual supplements. Where needs are specific, particularly around pregnancy or a diagnosed deficiency, individual advice still takes priority.